ABSTRACT
Purpose: Cataract development is a common sequelae associated with uveitis. Despite phacoemulsification being the popular method of cataract surgery today, manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) may still be a safe and effective alternative because of several inherent benefits. There is not much literature and studies on the efficacy and safety of MSICS under topical anesthesia in complicated cataract in patients with uveitis. We aimed to study the safety and visual outcome of MSICS under topical anesthesia for post uveitis complicated cataract. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The electronic medical records of adult patients who underwent MSICS under topical anesthesia for post uveitis cataract were reviewed. The records were reviewed and analyzed for preoperative clinical characteristics and visual acuity, intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, and complications. Results: A total of 71 eyes of 59 patients were taken for final analysis. The average age of patients was 59.9 years. There was improvement in the best corrected visual acuity by 0.7 logMAR (P value <0.0001). Average follow-up period was 9.8 months. The mean gain in visual acuity in eyes that received preoperative steroids was 0.6 logMAR compared to the eyes that did not receive steroids (0.71 logMAR). The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.407). Complications seen during long-term follow-up were recurrence (15.5%), cystoid macular edema (7%), Epiretinal membrane (8.5%), and posterior capsular opacification (5.5%). Conclusion: With proper technique and precautions, MSICS can be safely and comfortably performed under topical anesthesia even in complicated cataracts with excellent visual and safety outcomes
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Background and Objectives: Anemia is a frequent complication, and significant morbidity and mortality in patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) have become the standard care for anemia t erapy and reduces need for blood transfusions. The bjective of the study was to evaluate the safety and effect of ESAs and to create the awareness among patients regarding the Erythropoiesis stimulating agents through patient i formation leaflets.Methods: The prospective observational study of 6-month duration was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 162 patients on ESAs were enrolled in the study. Patients were followed for continuously and the mean difference is assessed by monitoring the primary and secondary hematological parameters before and after ESAs administration. Patient information leaflet was given t the patients for education and awareness about ESAs.Results: Out of 162 patients, after the administration of ESAs mean value increase in hemoglobin level was found from base line 6.9g/dL to 11.6g/dL. Significant improvement was noted in CKD anemia patient indicating impact of patient counseli g.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents in treatment of anemia along with effective counseling from clinical pharmacist benefits CKD patients and improves the health outcomes.
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Background: Anatomy provides a platform of knowledge indispensable to all the branches of medicine. Students have to learn many new concepts and tongue-twisting terminologies, making this subject difficult to comprehend. It has been seen that a range of innovative, proactive, simple, hands-on approach strategies can achieve maximum student engagement and help them learn. Aim is to take students from the traditional view of anatomy as a subject that require surface learning (rote learning, memorization) to one that can lead to deep learning through understanding. Keeping all this in mind a study was planned to develop an innovative method of teaching anatomy to 1st year MBBS students.Methods: The diagrams of sagittal and horizontal sections of the brain were selected, marked and cut into jigsaw pieces. Students were given an incomplete jigsaw puzzle and a set of questions. The answer to these questions helped them complete the puzzle. Perception of students who consented to participate in the study was noted.Results: Out of 98 students who participated in the study 61.2% wanted to participate in similar activities in future in anatomy and 57.1% felt that it helped them in understanding the topic. For 52.1% it was a useful self-learning tool and for another 48.9% students solving the puzzle was a challenging experience.Conclusions: Jigsaw puzzle is an efficient way for students to become engaged in their learning. It maximizes interaction and establishes an atmosphere of co-operation and respect for other students and improves learning.
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Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is a global health problem and clinical cytopathology brings about detection and diagnosis of disease at stages earlier than possible before which can be further confirmed by histopathology technique. The objective of the present study was to evaluate accuracy of cervical cytology in the diagnosis of cervical lesions including both neoplastic and non neoplastic. Material and Methods: The study comprised of 100 patients with abnormal Pap smear cytology. A detailed clinical history, general physical and systemic examination was conducted and cervical biopsies as well as pap smears received from department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were processed and stained. Results: A total of seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma were reported majority of which were seen in the advanced age group of greater than 50. In present study 61% cases were reported as NILM, 01% as ASCUS, 06% AGUS. LSIL was diagnosed on cytology in 20% patients, whereas 04% patients had HSIL and 07% patients revealed SCC, and remaining 01 patient (01%) with adenocarcinoma were diagnosed on cytological evaluation. The histopathological findings in 100 cases confirmed 72% cases of chronic cervicitis, 15% as CIN-1, 03% of CIN-2, 01% CIN-3, 01% adenocarcinoma and 08%were diagnosed as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Cytohistological correlation of 100 cases revealed an overall sensitivity of 95.60% and a specificity of 77.78%. Conclusion: Pap smear test was found to be equally sensitive to histopathological examination for the early detection of different cervical lesions
ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormones affect renal development and physiology. Thyroid hormones have pre-renal and intrinsic renal effects by which they increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hypothyroidism is associated with decreased GFR as well as increased renin angiotensin aldosterone activation. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by low T3 syndrome which is now considered a part of an atypical non-thyroidal illness. CKD patients have raised incidence of primary hypothyroidism and sub-clinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction is also associated with glomerulonephritis by a common autoimmune etiology. There are few interactions between thyroid and renal malignancies. A detailed knowledge of these interactions is important for both the nephrologists and endocrinologists for optimal diagnosis and management of the patient.